How to Remove Hard Water Stains in Your Toilet Bowl

Project Overview
  • Working Time: 10 - 30 mins
  • Total Time: 20 - 30 mins
  • Skill Level: Beginner
  • Estimated Cost: $0 to $10

If you've ever noticed a white or brown residue developing in your toilet bowl, it's quite likely hard water stains in your toilet. Hard water stains in toilets are caused by water with especially high mineral content, containing mainly magnesium, calcium, bicarbonates, and sulfates. Mineral buildup from dried hard water, also known as limescale, can form chalky white residue and rust-colored stains not just in toilets, but also in faucets, showers, and sinks.

Methods for Removing Hard Water Stains in the Toilet

The Spruce / Adrian Mangel

Hard water stains can be unsightly and increasingly difficult to remove over time. Fortunately, there are simple methods you can use to clean hard water stains in your toilet that utilize common household products like vinegar, baking soda, and Bon Ami or Bar Keepers Friend.

How Often Should You Clean Hard Water Stains in Toilets?

As with most stains, the longer they sit, the harder they are to remove. It's best to tackle hard water stains as soon as you see them. A quick weekly or bi-weekly cleaning can help tackle hard water stains as they appear and prevent them from turning into tougher stains in your toilet bowl. Follow the process outlined below for an easy and inexpensive method for removing hard water stains from your toilet.

Note

Be sure to open up windows and doors before cleaning hard water stains in your toilet bowl to protect your eyes and lungs. We also recommend using rubber gloves to protect your skin from these strong products.

Stain type   Mineral-based
Detergent   Mild
Water temperature  Room temperature

What You'll Need

Equipment / Tools

  • 1 Measuring cup
  • 1 Toilet brush

Materials

  • 1 box Baking soda
  • 1 box Bon Ami or Bar Keepers Friend
  • 1 box Borax
  • 1 quart Vinegar
  • Rubber gloves

Instructions

How to Remove Hard Water Stains With Baking Soda and Vinegar

Baking soda and vinegar are two of the most common and versatile household products, and they serve as powerful, non-toxic cleaners for getting rid of brown hard water stains in toilets.

  1. Pour Vinegar in the Toilet Bowl

    Pour about two cups of vinegar into the toilet bowl. Give the vinegar and water a good swish with the toilet brush, making sure to cover any visible hard water stains. Let it sit for about one minute.

    Tip

    If you are sensitive to the smell of vinegar, add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to the toilet bowl.

    person pouring vinegar into the toilet

    The Spruce /Taylor Nebrija  

  2. Add the Baking Soda

    Add about one cup of baking soda to the toilet bowl, then add another one to two cups of vinegar. You should hear some fizzing. Let the solution sit for about ten minutes.

    person adding baking soda to the toilet
    The Spruce /Taylor Nebrija 
  3. Scrub With a Toilet Brush

    Using a clean toilet brush, scrub the sides of the toilet with the baking soda and vinegar solution.

    • You'll need to use some elbow grease here, but be careful not to scratch the ceramic.
    • Pay close attention to any stains sitting above the water line.
    • Don't flush quite yet.
    person swishing baking soda around with a toilet brush
    The Spruce /Taylor Nebrija  
  4. Let the Solution Sit

    Let the vinegar and baking soda sit for up to 30 minutes.

    • If there are stains above the water line, consider scrubbing them with your toilet brush one or two more times.
    • One final scrub before you flush should remove any leftover stains.
    • As a final step, simply flush to rinse.
    toilet flushing
    The Spruce /Taylor Nebrija 

Tip

While you have the baking soda and vinegar out, use them to clean your bathroom sink with a homemade drain cleaner.

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How to Remove Hard Water Stains With Bon Ami or Bar Keepers Friend

Bon Ami is a household-staple that was originally created in 1886 to replace harsh quartz-based powder cleansers. Bar Keepers Friend originated as a powdered cleanser that removes everything from rust to soap scum, but today it is a well-known brand that encompasses a range of commercial cleaning products.

Both Bon Ami and Bar Keepers Friend are powerful cleaners that can be used for a variety of purposes, including eliminating hard water stains.

  1. For particularly stubborn stains, turn off the water valve to your toilet. Be sure to flush to empty the toilet bowl before you proceed to the steps below.
  2. Pour one quarter cup of Bon Ami or Bar Keepers Friend into the toilet bowl. Use a toilet brush to swish around the cleaner. If you turned off the water valve and flushed, use the remaining water and powder cleanser to form a paste you can spread across the toilet bowl surface. Allow the cleanser to sit undisturbed in the toilet bowl for 20 minutes.
  3. After the solution has sat for some time, scrub the bowl thoroughly with a toilet brush. While it's important to clean the whole toilet bowl to prevent buildup, spend a little extra time scrubbing the hard water stains that are currently present.
  4. Finally, flush the toilet to rinse. If you emptied the toilet bowl of water, don't forget to turn the water valve back on first.

Warning

Be careful not to mix these cleansers together or combine them with other popular cleaners, as certain combinations can create toxic fumes.

How to Remove Hard Water Stains With Borax Paste

In the case of a very persistent stain, a homemade borax paste may be effective. Apply the paste directly onto the stain, rather than filling the toilet bowl with a liquid mixture, as a more concentrated option for removing hard water stains.

  1. To apply the borax paste correctly, the toilet must be void of water. Begin by shutting off the water valve and flushing the toilet to drain the bowl.
  2. Next, create your cleaning solution. Mix half a cup of borax and one quarter cup of vinegar to create a thick paste.
  3. Spread the paste directly onto the hard water stains. Make sure the stains are completely covered, then leave the paste to sit for 15 to 20 minutes.
  4. Scrub the paste into the toilet bowl with a stiff-bristled nylon brush or scrubbing sponge. Make sure you focus on the areas where there is significant buildup.
  5. To finish, turn back on the water valve. Flush the toilet to rinse out the bowl.
person wiping down a toilet seat

The Spruce / Taylor Nebrija 

Tips for Preventing and Removing Hard Water Stains in a Toilet

  • Practice regular weekly maintenance to prevent extra stubborn stains.
  • Deep clean your toilet biweekly while stains are still relatively new.
  • Install a water softener to prevent hard water buildup.
  • If necessary, you can consider stronger chemical cleaners to remove hard water stains but remember that these products are often harmful to the environment and your health.
FAQ
  • Are hard water stains permanent?

    While hard water stains are certainly difficult to remove, they are not permanent. There are several effective, non-toxic cleaners you can use to remove pesky hard water stains from your toilet bowl, including baking soda and vinegar, Bon Ami or Bar Keepers Friend, and borax.

  • Can you leave baking soda and vinegar in a toilet overnight?

    Yes, you can leave baking soda and vinegar in your toilet overnight. Leaving the pair to work overnight can even improve its effectiveness, but they are not strong enough to damage the porcelain.

  • Will vinegar damage a toilet bowl?

    Vinegar is safe to use as a toilet bowl cleaner and will not damage the porcelain. In fact, vinegar is milder than many commercial toilet bowl cleaners.

The Spruce uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
  1. Environmental Alternatives for the Kitchen. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

  2. Cleaning Supplies and Household Chemicals. American Lung Association.